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Background: Community-based nursing focuses on providing health services to families and communities in the second and third levels of prevention and this can improve the individuals, families and communities' quality of life, and reduce the healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to explore the status of community-based nursing in Iran
Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from March to November 2015, in Tehran, Iran, using the content analysis approach. The study setting consisted of Iran and Tehran Faculties of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran, Iran. The purposive sampling method was used. Twenty faculty members and Master's and PhD students were interviewed by using the face-to-face semi-structured interview method. Moreover, two focus groups were conducted for complementing and enriching the study data. The data were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman's approach to content analysis. The trustworthiness of the study findings was maintained by employing the Lincoln and Guba's criteria of credibility, dependability, and confirmability
Results: In total, 580 codes were generated and categorized into three main categories of conventional services, the necessity for creating infrastructures, and multidimensional outcomes of communitybased nursing
Conclusion: Introducing community-based nursing into nursing education curricula and creating ample job opportunities for community-based nurses seem clearly essential
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Objectives To aim to determine the status and epidemiological aspects of malaria in Iran in favour of gaining a better understanding of the national control of malaria. Methods This epidemiological study examined the status of malaria from 2011 to 2014 in Iran. Data were collected from the Ministry of Health's protocol for controlling and eliminating malaria, which is currently in use. This malaria information reporting system is automated in all Iranian provinces and cities, and all information is submitted online to the center for communicable disease control in the Ministry of Health. Information about malaria is available for researchers to evaluate. Results The incidence rates decreased from 2011 to 2014. There were 4.76, 2.12, 1.80, and 1.59 per 100 000 people, respectively from 2011 to 2014. During the four-year period (2011–2014), the highest numbers of cases occurred in those aged 16–25 years, by age, and in men, by sex. Most of the cases were workers and located in rural areas. An average 52.58% of cases were Iranian. The highest incidence rates from 2011 to 2014 were located in Sistan and Baluchestan province. There were 89.94, 43.9, 38.3, and 30.66 per 100 000 people. The highest numbers of malaria cases were recorded in the cities Sarbaz, Nickshahr, and Chabahar in Sistan and Baluchestan province and Bandar Abbas, Bandar Jask, and Bandar Lengeh in Hormozgan province. During the four-year period, 57.05% of cases were caused by imported factors. The majority of cases were related to the trophozoite lifecycle of parasites. Regarding surveillance, there was inactive care in the majority of cases. Vivax malaria was the most prevalent. Conclusions Despite the recently declining trend in reported cases, the expansion of local transmission, especially in areas with cross-border travel, is very worrying. Improved malaria control interventions can be effective for elimination of malaria in Iran; these can include programs to control border travel and focused interventions for high incidence areas and high-risk groups such as rural residents, men, workers, and people <35 years old.
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Objective To examine the prevalence and clinical manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Iran. Methods This study was conducted in Iran between 2011 and 2013. Sampling, preparing, developing, and fixing of suspicious skin lesions were completed in healthcare centers in 31 Iranian provinces as well as in the Academic Reference Laboratory and the National Reference Laboratory. The information was then analyzed at the Ministry of Health's Information Management Center of Contagious Diseases. Results Over a three-year period, the number of people identified with CL was 56 546. The highest incidence was reported in 2011 (27.5 per 100 000). Wet CL accounted for 43.7% of cases while 43.3% resulted from sporotrichoid leishmaniasis. The results showed that there was a higher incidence of CL due to Leishmania major (50.2%) than to Leishmania tropica. The results of this study found that the highest incidence of CL had happened respectively in Ilam, Fars and, Khorasan Razavi Provinces between 2011 and 2013. Conclusions Although the incidence of the disease is declining, CL is still a public health concern and disease control protocols need to be established. Therefore, further studies are needed to identify the vectors, reservoirs, and disease species as well as to develop appropriate disease control strategies.
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OBJECTIVES@#To aim to determine the status and epidemiological aspects of malaria in Iran in favour of gaining a better understanding of the national control of malaria.@*METHODS@#This epidemiological study examined the status of malaria from 2011 to 2014 in Iran. Data were collected from the Ministry of Health's protocol for controlling and eliminating malaria, which is currently in use. This malaria information reporting system is automated in all Iranian provinces and cities, and all information is submitted online to the center for communicable disease control in the Ministry of Health. Information about malaria is available for researchers to evaluate.@*RESULTS@#The incidence rates decreased from 2011 to 2014. There were 4.76, 2.12, 1.80, and 1.59 per 100000 people, respectively from 2011 to 2014. During the four-year period (2011-2014), the highest numbers of cases occurred in those aged 16-25 years, by age, and in men, by sex. Most of the cases were workers and located in rural areas. An average 52.58% of cases were Iranian. The highest incidence rates from 2011 to 2014 were located in Sistan and Baluchestan province. There were 89.94, 43.9, 38.3, and 30.66 per 100000 people. The highest numbers of malaria cases were recorded in the cities Sarbaz, Nickshahr, and Chabahar in Sistan and Baluchestan province and Bandar Abbas, Bandar Jask, and Bandar Lengeh in Hormozgan province. During the four-year period, 57.05% of cases were caused by imported factors. The majority of cases were related to the trophozoite lifecycle of parasites. Regarding surveillance, there was inactive care in the majority of cases. Vivax malaria was the most prevalent.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Despite the recently declining trend in reported cases, the expansion of local transmission, especially in areas with cross-border travel, is very worrying. Improved malaria control interventions can be effective for elimination of malaria in Iran; these can include programs to control border travel and focused interventions for high incidence areas and high-risk groups such as rural residents, men, workers, and people <35 years old.
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Background and Aim: Increasing life expectancy and improving the quality of life of patients with cancer is one of the health priorities. The attitude towards life is one of the most important effective factors. The objective of present study was psychometric evaluation of revised life attitude scale in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
Materials and Methods: This was a methodological study. 138 patients with cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy have been selected by simple random sampling. First, the scale was translated to Persian. Internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach's coefficient alpha. The validity was determined by constructed validity using exploratory factor analysis exploratory, content validity [by calculating content validity index and content validity ratio] and also face validity
Results: Results of factor analysis showed six essential factors as the basis of Persian life attitude profile-revised scale. The first factor [goals] explained the main portion of variance of scale's questions. The index of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin showed the adequacy of sample size. [0.601]. Content validity index was 0.79-0.85. The content validity ratio for the above choices of scale was equal to +0.99 [p<0. 05]
Conclusions: According to the results of this study the Persian version of life attitude in patients scale in cancer patients had appropriate validity and reliability. The mentioned tool is also suitable for researches and useful as a screening tool in clinical environments
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Health of mothers and children is one of the most critical public health issues around the world, and women's awareness of these problems will enable them to avoid unintended consequences. It is futile to plan for improving health care services without considering the patients' opinions. According to World Health Organization [WHO], Donabedian model is an appropriate framework for health care assessment, and pays particular attention to raising client's awareness, and satisfaction of the outcomes. This study was carried out in order to determine the quality of preconception care in health centers of Mashhad, in 2012. This descriptive study was conducted on women in their reproductive age, who received preconception care in health centers of Mashhad. The demographic and obstetric data were collected by questionnaires of preconception care, which were designed based on the outcome aspect of Donabedian model. This model consisted of a questionnaire related to the knowledge of preconception care, and one on patient's satisfaction. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using statistical tests of ANOVA, Chi-square and Pearson correlation coefficient. The mean age of the participants was 26.93 +/- 5.22, and average of 6.32 +/- 4.77 years had passed since their marriage; also 67.4% had experienced 1-6 pregnancies. The mean score of patient's satisfaction was 75.56 +/- 11.84, and that of preconception care knowledge was 14.8 +/- 4.53. According to the results, it is recommended that more attention be paid to preconception health care in continuous medical education programs [CME]. Moreover, better instructions should be provided for the clients to raise their awareness in this area
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Although adjunct chemotherapy may increase life in non-menopausal breast cancer patients, however, it may cause short-term complications such as nausea, vomiting, alopecia, as well as long-term complications in ovarian failure and premature menopausal. The objective of this study was to investigate chemotherapy-induced secondary amenorrhea in non-menopausal women with breast cancer. A descriptive design [case series] was preformed on fifty breast cancer patients, non-menopausal [normal mense] and chemotherapy in Ramsar Emam Sajad Hospital Oncology unit from 2007 to 2008. Sampling was consecutive. Data gathering method was questionnaire and blood sampling [FSH and Progesterone] for prior and 12 months after the end of chemotherapy. Data was analyzed by paired-t, independent-t and one-way ANOVA tests. Results showed that 62% of patients were amenorrhea 12 months after the end of chemotherapy. Results showed that there was no meaningful relationship between age, hormone therapy, disease stage, node-positive and ER and PR status to amenorrhea; however, there was a meaningful relationship between duration of treatment, type and dose of chemotherapy to amenorrhea. In pre-menopausal patients with breast cancer, receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy against tumor cells, amenorrhea may occur do to ovarian failure
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Incidence , Primary Ovarian InsufficiencyABSTRACT
In cancer patients various infections were developed due to severe neutropenia resulted from chemotherapy. There is controversy between initial monotherapy or multidrug prescription. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of ceftazidime and imipenem in control of fever in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia. 40 patients with cancer, fever and neutropenia [PMN<500], without recognized source of infection, were selected using the convenience and consecutive method. Using a random sampling, twenty patients were treated with imipenem [500mg Iv/Q8hr] and others with ceftazidime [2mg Iv/Q8hr]. The criteria for positive response to the drugs were: fever disappearance during maximally 72 hours lasted for up to 24 hours, and increased neutrophil counts more than 500/ml. Our results show that 60% and 55% patients with ceftazidime and imipenem were cured, respectively. 40% patients treated with ceftazidime and 45% patients treated with imipenem needed another antibiotic therapy at the same time. No significant relationship was found between different types of drug regime among the groups. Findings of this study indicate that ceftazidime and imipenem have similar efficacy in treatment of febrile neutropenic patients. Due to more availability and lower cost of ceftazidime than imipenem, ceftazidime is suggested as first line treatment in febrile neutropenia